The Painting Gallery has two main sections, viz., Indian Miniatures and the Bengal School of Paintings. The Indian Miniature section contains a substantial number of miniature paintings ranging from Persian, Mughals, Provincial Mughals, Deccan, Rajasthani, Pahari and Company paintings.

Bengal School of Art section contains masterpieces from 19^th and 20^th Century Bengal, that belong to the neo-Bengal school which includes the works of Rabindranath Tagore, Gaganendranath Tagore, Abanindranath Tagore, Nandalal Bose, Sunayani Devi, Asit Haldar, Abdur Rehman Chugtai and Jamini Roy. Besides these, Pata-Chitra, certain lithographs from the 20^th Century are also exhibited here.